GROUP 5 Essays - Time, Contemporary History, 2nd Millennium

GROUP 5 IRS 204 PROJECT QUESTION With relevant examples of the New States, critically examine the impacts of the cold war to the New States. NAMES OF GROUP MEMBER Afinjuomo Oluwatolani HIS/2014/019 Giwa Opeoluwa Tobi HIS/2014/051 Makinde Joshua O HIS/2014/064 Adeniji Abiona M HIS/2014/009 Adelakun Gbenga J HIS/2014/007 Otumola Funmilola J HIS/2014/103 Idowu Christiana Atinuke IRS/2014/043 Obeya Anthony Agbo IRS/2014/051 Oladosu Oluwatoyin E IRS/2014/059 Onipede Omorinsola A. IRS/2014/067 Abdulazeez Ibrahim Opeyemi IRS/2014/001 Uwaga Favour C IRS/2014/083 The aim of this write up is to have opened the eye of its reader to the effects of Cold War on the New States and how the new states survived during this polarized era that was characterized by the two economic ideologies and arms race. There is need to understand some terms like "Cold War" and "New State" to enhance the proper understanding of the effect of Cold War on the New States. COLD WAR The Cold War was a time of competition, and nations were expected to play a certain role in that struggle. Cold War is the term or is the name given to the relationship that developed primarily between the United Nations and USSR after the World War II. It was a state of tension after World War II between powers of Eastern bloc which was the defunct Soviet Union and its satellite State and Western bloc that is United States and its NATO allies. Although there was disagreement amongst historians regarding the starting point of the Cold War, it was basically between 1947 and 1991. The war was as a result of the growth of the Soviet Union and its hate towards the United States, as to it not participating in the Second World War or its late entry. The United States on the other hand made it a point of duty to curb the excesses of the Soviet Union and to support every other State which was against the Soviet Union. The Cold war wasn't " Idealic " in the sense as it presumed to be because it actually existed. Even though there was no outright exchange of physical ammunition between both blocs, there were proxy wars around the globe in the bid for their struggle for dominance amongst the new states. The war was basically rivalry and competition between both blocs, both blocs developed themselves till they got to the point of MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction). Both blocs were capable of destroying each other, just the United States alone conducted around 1,054 nuclear tests which was according to the official counting during the Cold War, i.e between 1945 and 1991. The Cold War and its events have left to a large extent a significant legacy especially in the New States. NEW STATE The concept of the New states would be explained through two contending theoretical justification which include the new states in terms of age and the new state in terms of development. Ever since the treaty Westphalia in 1648, the primary understanding of state is that it is a political institution of sufficient organized authority and power to govern a defined territory and its population and to remain independent of other states. With the state understood from this view perspective, new states are those ones that recently acquired independent political control over their own affairs and these include the majority of the countries in Asia and Africa as well as Latin America, Europe and Oceania which, before 1945, were under some form of colonial rule. The yardstick used in measuring new states under this analysis is strictly age. i.e those states that were formed in the world politics after 1945 notwithstanding their level of development. A state in the sense of modern state system cannot be so called without sovereignty, and sovereignty cannot be exercised whil e an entity is under some forms of colonial rule. This is why the understanding of the formation of new states assumed the period of independence rather than the actual date of formation. For example, Nigeria became a modern state in 1960 instead of 1914 when the southern and Northern Protectorates were amalgamated. Israel (1948) and China (1949) are examples of new states among others. On the other hand, any state